: making paper at home in the preparatory group
svetlana SHEVCHENKO
Making paper at home in the preparatory group
Municipal preschool
educational institution –
kindergarten “Zvezdochka”
combined type
Completed
:
Kuznetsova Sofia
school preparatory group
MDOU – kindergarten “Zvezdochka”
Chief
:
Shevchenko Svetlana Evgenievna
Kachkanar
2021
Table of contents
Introduction 2
1. Paper in a person’s life 3
2. Making paper at home
. 4
3. Application of the received paper
. 7
Conclusion 7
List of references 8
Application
No. 1 “The history of paper
»
9
No. 2 « Paper production in factories
»
13
No. 3 “Second Life”
waste paper 14
No. 4 “An Interesting Story”
15
Introduction.
Look around. Wherever you look, you will find paper
. We all come across paper and products made from it every day
. A lot of books, newspapers, magazines, even photographs in the album are also paper
! All our toys are packed in cardboard boxes. Paper
surrounds us everywhere. It is difficult to imagine modern life without it.
Requirements for paper
products are increasing every day, so the scale of deforestation is increasing, since paper
made from wood. To preserve the forest and give it time for full restoration, it is important to use methods of recycling paper
.
Relevance
: the consumer attitude towards nature and the consumption of its resources are becoming a thing of the past. Things that become unusable are reused and sent for recycling to obtain new materials. It is economical and less harmful to the environment.
Conjecture
: suppose that paper can be made at home
.
Goal. Making paper at home
.
Problems
:
1. Find out why a person uses paper
.
2. Make paper at home
.
3. Suggest options for using the received paper
.
1. Paper in a person’s life
.
Paper
(from Italian bambagia – cotton)
– a multicomponent material consisting mainly of specially processed small plant fibers, closely intertwined, bound by various types of adhesive forces and forming a thin sheet.
Paper
– the most valuable invention of mankind. She accompanies us and helps us in any matter.
People use it in different industries
:
– education (textbooks, notebooks, etc.,
– book printing,
– art,
– medicine (bandages, dressings, hygiene products, etc.,
– world of business (stamps, money, checks, letters, stamps)
.
2. Making paper at home
Method No. 1.
1. Tear paper
into small pieces no more,
than 2×2 cm and
place them in a bowl.
2. Pour water into a bowl
(better warm)
.
3. Let the paper stand for 10 minutes
, and then beat with a mixer until fibers paper
will not separate and the mass will not become soft.
4. Add two tablespoons of starch and beat with a mixer again.
5. Take a sieve, distribute the paper pulp
on the surface of the sieve like this,
so that the water flows into the bowl.
Let the water drain
back into the bowl.
6. Carefully invert the sieve onto a sheet of paper
so that the resulting “cellulose” does not disintegrate.
7. Dry with an iron.
Carefully remove the blotting paper
.
Do not touch the resulting sheet for 24 hours until completely dry.
Method No. 2.
The experiment was carried out in the same way as described earlier, but only in
pulp added color.
As a result paper
came out with different shades.
For decoration in paper
You can add dry herbs, seasonings to the mass, you can add multi-colored threads, flower petals.
Dry paper
The mass can be placed not on the screen, but on a cup or glass, and then you will get a decorative vase or bowl, pencil holder, doll hat, mug.
3. Application of the received paper
.
The result of this exciting activity is very beautiful paper
.
Such sheets of paper
can be used for design work
: books, postcards, panels.
Homemade paper
, not suitable for writing, but making such paper
, solves the problem of recycling waste paper and rids the house of garbage. Such unusual paper
can be used for making cards
, crafts, gift wrapping. After all, a postcard made with your own hands
, is much more valuable than a postcard bought in a store.
4. Conclusion
We believe that we have confirmed our hypothesis; we managed to make paper at home
, using old newspapers and written notebook sheets, I managed to get paper of different quality
.
Making paper
handmade – very interesting and creative
process. And not at all difficult. What an amazing result
: exclusive paper
your own design!
House paper
profitable to use, because it is manufactured
from waste paper and does not require any cash costs.
Do not throw away used paper
, but save it and process it into paper for making
some crafts. Paper
recycled paper can almost always be used for the same purposes as new paper
.
Received paper
can be used for household needs, as well as for children’s creativity during technology lessons at school, which will save the family budget and natural resources.
List of references
1. Akim, E. L. Processing paper text
. / E. L. Akim. – M., 1979.
2. Paper
with your own hands _ Country of Masters. mht
3. Flyate, D. M. Properties paper text
. / D. M. Flyate. – 2nd ed., M., 1986.
4. hobby-books.blogspot.com
Application
History of paper No. 1
Paper
did not always exist. But before its invention, man tried to adapt all sorts of materials for writing in the process of his long historical cultural development. Primitive people made their drawings on the walls of caves and carved them on rocks.
With the invention and spread of writing, people began to write on tablets of wet clay.
In Ancient Egypt they wrote on papyrus, which was made from
reeds.
After many years, papyrus was replaced by a strong and durable writing material – parchment, which was made
from animal skin – sheep, goats, calves. These skins were glued into long wide scrolls. They wrote on papyrus and parchment by hand. On manufacturing
one book often required the expenditure of several large scrolls of parchment or up to 250-300 animal skins.
The ancient Chinese wrote their characters with ink (a special liquid)
using a brush on bamboo tablets and silk scrolls
In Russia they began to write on birch bark – the outer part of the birch bark. It was the cheapest and most accessible material.
papyrus and parchment were replaced by paper
. Paper was made
from the wood fibers of a plant that later became known as paper tree
. The bark was pounded in water to separate the fibers, and the resulting mixture was poured onto trays with long, narrow strips of bamboo at the bottom. When the water drained, the soft sheets were laid to dry on bamboo plates and old rags.
About the invention of paper
There are several legends. According to one of them, paper
was invented in China. Paper making
usually associated with the name of the Chinese Cai Lun and dates back to 105 AD. Raw materials for paper making
Mulberry and bamboo were used. Word « paper
»
comes from the word “bambigo”
– so called paper
, made from bamboo
.
Paper
appeared in Rus’ in the second half of the 16th century during the reign of Ivan the Terrible. Start of mass paper
production in Russia was initiated by Peter I. To provide factories with raw materials, by order of the Tsar, the army and navy collected old sails, untarred ropes, ropes and rags. Civilians were asked to bring the remnants of worn-out linen items to the office of the police chief “for a fee,” and a “rag” tax was taken from the peasants. Development paper
the matter was facilitated by the decree of 1721 on the mandatory use of domestic paper in official office work
. By decree of Peter, several paper were built
enterprises near Moscow and St. Petersburg.
For many centuries paper was made by hand
. After invention by the Frenchman Robert (1761-1828)
first papermaking
machinery production paper
and cardboard made a sharp leap forward. The output of paper increased continuously and with great rapidity.
, new types of paper appeared
.
Paper
began to be used not only for writing and printing books, for packaging goods, but also in construction, industry, agriculture, and electrical engineering.
The first paper-making plant in Russia
the machine was installed in 1916 at the paper mill in Peterhof
.
Paper production in factories
. №2
Modern methods of making paper
differ little from those used 2000 years ago.
To paper
The factory brings logs – mostly pine and spruce. Machines strip them of their bark and crush them into chips. The chips are sorted by size on special sieves. This mass is sifted and washed, cleaned of dirt and sent for cooking. The wood is boiled in special machines. Cleaned and boiled wood is bleached so that characters printed or written on it are more visible.
Then it is whipped in a special machine and mixed with water, turning it into a homogeneous mass. To obtain high-quality paper, add starch
, clay and other material.
Paper
the mass enters a special machine in which the water leaves through a sieve, and the wet mass passes under a round roller. He smooths it, levels it out and turns it into a smooth sheet. It passes under many other smoothing rollers, which squeeze the water out of it and make the paper thick and smooth
.
Next, the sheets are dried and rolled into large rolls. Now this is real paper
. The rolls are trimmed to give them the desired width.
Then these rolls are sent to the printing house or cut into sheets. And now notebooks are sewn together from these sheets, books and newspapers are printed.
In this way paper is produced in paper mills
.
“Second Life”
waste paper No. 3
Huge consumption of paper
leads to continuous deforestation, which has a bad effect on the environment.
Waste paper recycling is needed all over the world. From used paper you can make
:
-personal hygiene products (toilet paper
, paper
,towels, napkins)
– printed products (books, magazines, newspapers)
– finishing materials (wallpaper)
– office papers
– egg packs
– paper bags
– cardboard, etc.
“An Interesting Story”
No. 4
“There is one very interesting story that has come down to us from those distant days when the secret of making paper was discovered
. She talks about how one day an inquisitive man watched for a long time as wasps built their nest from pieces of wood. First they plucked off pieces and then chewed them thoroughly. The wasps covered the walls of their nest with the resulting mush. “Oh! – the man thought. “It wouldn’t hurt for me to learn from them!”
Whether it was true or not, only in our time wood is used as the main material in paper production
. True, it does not need to be chewed or crushed – machines do all this for us. Huge machines saw logs, chop them into chips, cook everything in boilers in a special solution, shake molds, press paper sheets…
»
Handmade paper. we do it ourselves.
With children, paper is used up with a bang. At some point I decided it was time to stop throwing away used sheets and started recycling them. It turns out to be thick paper that is nice to draw on or you can make a notebook as a gift, there are a lot of uses. And it’s interesting for a child to watch how waste paper is recycled.
As my seven-year-old son said: “We saved the tree”))
1 PREPARATION of equipment and material.
You need to make two identical frames according to the size of the future sheet of paper, for example, 20x30cm (take into account the thickness of the rail, the paper will be formed along the inside). Place a mosquito net over one, it is needed to filter the fiber. You also need a container (basin) into which the frame will fit.
We take any paper: for a printer, egg packaging.
The most tedious process is to tear the sheets into pieces.
Pour in warm water and let the paper soak for about 30 minutes. You can change the water a couple of times to remove the paint that has dissolved in the water (if the paper has been painted/written on). There is no need for extra pollutants.
Use a blender to thoroughly grind the soaked pieces of paper. With my blender, I had to add water because the mass absorbed it, which made grinding difficult.
It turns out to be such a mess of grayish-colored fibers due to the fact that the paper was covered with pencils and felt-tip pens. You can try bleaching, there are recommendations on the Internet. I haven’t tried it myself yet, since they then paint on paper with acrylic and the color is not particularly important. It is also recommended to add starch or PVA glue for elasticity. I can do without them too. You can add dye and decorative elements.
Actually, everything is ready to form sheets of new paper: fiber, frame, bowl of water, sponge, cloth for drying the paper.
2 FORMATION of sheet.
We connect the frames (with the mesh inward), you can fasten them with rubber bands, so they are easier to hold and they will not move among themselves. Take a little fiber and stir it evenly throughout the entire volume in a bowl of water.
Use a frame to scoop up water with fiber and do not remove it from the water for a while so that the fiber settles on the mesh. The thickness of the paper will depend on the amount of fiber caught on the mesh.
The VIDEO below shows the process (at 57 seconds).
Smoothly remove the frame and let the water drain. If we see that the sheet is not uniform in thickness, shake the fiber back and repeat the process.
Carefully remove the top frame. Do not touch the fiber; imprints may remain on the future paper.
Turn the frame over onto the fabric and use a sponge to remove excess water, lightly pressing the mass to compact it. We remove the water until the sponge stops absorbing.
The VIDEO below shows the process (at 1 minute 17 seconds).
Remove the frame. The sheet should remain on the fabric.
A well-wrung and pressed sheet can be easily picked up. This is in case the paper does not “want” to lag behind the grid.
Cover the sheet of paper with several layers of fabric and repeat the process. The texture of the future sheet will depend on the texture of the fabric. You can take material with a waffle pattern and the sheet will be in a small square. Make sure there are no folds in the fabric, otherwise the print will remain on the paper.
Finally, cover the sheets with something flat and place them under a weight.
3 DRYING
The paper dries under the press for several days. When drying without a press, the paper will bend.
You can speed up the process by occasionally changing the fabric to a dry one. If you have time, you can iron dry between layers of fabric. It is necessary to ensure that there are no folds in the material and periodically turn the sheet along with the fabric for uniform drying, since the bottom will be wetter. Do not make the iron too hot; the paper may turn yellow. I want to try using a photo glosser.
To the light
Fingerprints are visible when the child touched the fiber on the mesh. Although, you can play with this, for example, make a palm print and then draw a portrait or glue a photo.
If you dry it under a layer of fabric with a waffle pattern, it will print.
The sheet is quite elastic.
Ready-made sheets of paper.
From 70 sheets of old A4 paper we got 23 new thick sheets and from the remnants of the fiber such a helmet)))
All of the above in a short VIDEO
§
On May 28-29, the “Motley Sky” festival was held on the Lower Tsaritsynsky Pond, organized by the club of kite lovers PROKITE.
Having seen enough of the kites soaring in the sky from the window of the house on Saturday, I decided to come in for half an hour, but ended up hanging out for two hours.
Festival program:
– Flying show kites
– Garden of the wind, ground installations
– Flying kites by visitors
– Master class on making kites
– Fights with traditional Japanese Rokkaku snakes
– Demonstration performances on sports aerobatic kites
Lower Tsaritsynsky pond. The weather for the weekend was beautiful.
Festival site.
You can buy a kite here. The price range when I bought it was from 600 to 1500 rubles. Water, juices, ice cream, and coffee are also sold. There is a small inflatable trampoline for children. It is better to take water with you, since the area is open and there is no shade. It wouldn’t hurt to take a blanket, lie in the shade of the trees along the edges of the site and admire the kites being flown.
Ground installations
Smiling devil
To represent the scale
Pteradactyl
Fish
Cats love fish
The bear is launched. Dimensions again)
Frog
and an unknown animal
Organizers at work
and on vacation
Children and snakes
Wind Garden
People and snakes. Some brought it with them, some bought it on the spot.
Snakes snakes
There were some original ones
– fly to me snakes
My Owl 🙂
I couldn’t resist and bought it. Wingspan is about 160 cm.
Schoolgirls asked to fly a kite. We were happy. True, the organizers’ kite caught on the rope. The ropes got tangled, my owl broke and she safely fell to the ground.
You can look at fire, water and a flying kite for a long time)
Club team performance – aerobatic kite ballet.
website of the organizers
The festival takes place annually in late May and autumn.
How to get there:
– By car:
Novotsaritsynskoe highway. Watch for the signs. You can’t park everywhere, there is a tow truck.
– On foot:
From the Tsaritsyno metro station – 1st car from the center. Further, along the underground passage to the left until the very end. Go right under the railway bridge. Behind it, at the pedestrian crossing, turn left and walk along Novotsaritsynskoye Highway. Before reaching the Novotsaritsynskoe Highway bus stop, turn left and go out into the field along the road.
From Orekhovo metro station – the last car from the center, exit to Tsaritsyno Park. Enter the park through checkpoint 8 and turn right or to the right through checkpoint 9 “Orangereinye Gate” and go straight. Exit through checkpoint 11 “Chernogryazskie Gate”, cross the road and go left. After the bus stop “Novotsaritsynskoye Highway”, turn right and follow the road out into the field.
. or along Shipilovsky Proezd to Novotsaritsynskoye Highway and turn left along it.
– By bus:
From the Orekhovo metro station – the last car from the center, exit to the Orekhovo bus station. Bus No. 151 to the “Novotsaritsynskoye Shosse” stop. After the stop, turn right and follow the road into the field.
§
§
§
Imagine the picture. You come to your dacha in the spring with your family and start voting whether to mow the lawn this year as usual or let it grow.
This is what is happening now on the Active Citizen portal.
As reports
Moscow City Hall in the project “Active Citizen”
The results of the seventh week of voting “Your lawn – your rules!” have been summed up. The majority of Muscovites are in favor of maintaining the current lawn care regulations, that is, regular mowing.
In total, as of July 12, 193,263 project users took part in the voting. Of these, 121,501 (62.87%) believe that lawn grass should be mowed regularly. There are half as many opponents of mowing – 55,417 users (28.67%).
An experiment on choosing lawn mowing rules is being conducted for the summer of 2021. If at least 100 people in one yard express their opinion and more than 70 percent of them choose an option that differs from the current regulations, then the lawn there will begin to be mowed according to the new rules. If the balance of votes changes during the electronic referendum, the current mowing regulations will be restored.
It’s just some kind of circus. Today we mow, tomorrow we don’t. There are technologies that have been proven for decades. You just have to stick to them. Why reinvent the wheel?
So to mow or not to mow? And how often to mow? And if you don’t mow, then what will happen.
With regular trimming, the plants will take on a dwarf shape and, instead of increasing leaf mass, will produce new shoots, creating a dense turf. If you cut it rarely and immediately short, the grass will weaken and begin to fall out, and in its place separate islands will form (as in the photo on the left. This lawn is three years old and has hardly been cut for the last two).
According to Rules for the creation, maintenance and protection of green spaces in the city of Moscow
in paragraph Lawn maintenance
says:
4.2.10. Parterre lawns are cut (mowed) at least once every 10 days at a grass stand height of 6-10 cm. The height of the grass stand left is 3-5 cm. Each subsequent mowing is carried out in a direction perpendicular to the direction of the previous mowing.
4.2.11. Ordinary lawns, including those in residential areas, are mowed when the grass height is 10-15 cm every 10-15 days. The height of the remaining grass stand is 5-8 cm.
4.2.12. Meadow lawns in parks and forest parks, created on the basis of natural meadow vegetation, depending on the purpose, are left in the form of flowering herbs or maintained as ordinary lawns.
4.2.13. Meadow tall grass lawns created on the basis of natural grassy vegetation should be mowed no more than once a year and no more than 30-50% of their surface.
Opponents can understand how it’s done, it’s better to let it overgrow.
What the Resident does with the construction and maintenance of lawns in their yards is a separate topic for discussion.
In addition, wet grass is not cut in the rain, and Mowing lawns with trimmers is not allowed!
§
§
Like
reports
Gismeteo: In less than 24 hours, at 16:30 local time on August 15, the amount of precipitation at the Balchug weather station reached 100 mm. This is the first case of such intense precipitation in the history of meteorological observations in Moscow.
Walked around Tsaritsyno.
Parking dead end on Sevanskaya 7 k1
Sosenki Park
New asphalt in the park. It would seem that you can rejoice. But it feels like it was being compacted with feet.
A section of new asphalt in front of the old one has formed a kind of dam that prevents water from flowing down.
Typical courtyard
Due to problems with the collector (under repair), Kaspiyskaya Street in the area of building 22 k1 was flooded. Traffic was blocked.
The smell of rotting sludge (not sewage as some media write) permeated the entire area
Water can be seen escaping from the sewer. Near the house 24 k1 on Kaspiyskaya.
New asphalt on Luganskaya. Due to the layout of the road, water does not flow to the edges but spreads over the entire plane.
New storm sewer drains for the kindergarten at Bekhtereva 37 k5. The renovation should be completed in July 2021. Construction is ongoing.
As a result, of the three new storm drains, none of them work. There are simply two wells above the asphalt level and the water flows safely around it.
and the third one simply choked
This causes water to flow down the path through the dog run to the pond.
The problematic drainage at school 868 has not yet begun to be repaired. At the opposite end of the school, judging by the silt on the asphalt (very odorous), it became clear that water had escaped from the collector to the surface.
And so, the water from the kindergarten flows into the ravine of Arshinovsky Park
Plus, ill-conceived drainage along the path running along the ravine past the pond
Result
The sand and gravel mixture is washed into the pond
Another problematic place in Arshinovsky Park is the drainage system in the depression near school 868 and kindergarten 1168.
Drainage goes under the path. Everything is fine here
Login
Exit
Yes. Now we can say that we survived the heaviest rain))) We can only hope that the relevant services will take note of what he did
And finally, the other end of Moscow. Polezhaevskaya.
Flooding on Andropov Avenue
Caucasian Boulevard
§
§
I bought myself toys:
Telephoto lens x8 LeiQI LQ-007 on a clothespin for 990 rubles and a Universal 3 in 1 lens (Macro Wide Fisheye) on a clothespin for 590 rubles. Suitable for any smartphone.
Tested on Xiaomi Redmi Note 3 with a 13 MP camera
I’ll tell you the general disadvantages right away: you won’t be able to quickly attach a clothespin to your phone and get any of these lenses into the center of the camera. You have to carefully move it to align the optical axes; and The phone camera sees the lens rim.
All photos are originals.
TV movie.
Will make your smartphone a real male. For comparison, I put it on an iPhone
Has a focus ring. To photograph an object close or far away, you have to rotate it, which is impossible to do without holding the lens, since it moves from the optical axis (I wrote at the beginning). Here are the options: either rely on the strength of the clothespin and hold the lens with both hands while adjusting the sharpness, or come up with a tricky grip so that you can hold both the smartphone and the lens with one hand. For my Xiaomi shovel, the mounting option is only on top; for those who have a camera that is not in the center or a small smartphone, you can attach the clothespin to the side, then it’s easier to hold it with one hand.
Photo without attachment
Telephoto photo
Photo without attachment 100% magnification
Telephoto photo 100% magnification. Chromatic aberration in contrasting places, the edges of the frame are blurred and positive “cushion” distortion (will make you look slimmer :)) The magnification is still better than x4 on the phone.
The minimum focusing distance from the matrix plane is about 55 cm, the background is not blurred well.
blinds for clarity
Universal lens 3 in 1 (Macro Wide Fisheye)
Let’s start with Fisheye (pictured left). This pampering is complete and unnecessary.
Photo without attachment for comparison
Fisheye 100% increase. No comments.
Wide
If you really need it, you can use it.
Wide 100% increase
Now let’s crop the edge of the lens that gets into the frame. Apart from the quality, fisheye is almost no different from wide-angle.
Fisheye
Wide
And lastly Macro.
The Wide lens unwinds into two parts, one of which is a macro lens.
For scale, the entire keyboard button fits into the frame.
Overall a fun toy and the edges of the frame are clean.
