Origami boat – diagrams, step-by-step description for children (66 photos)

Hemp for paper, clothing, tea and construction. why is it profitable to grow it

Construction materials, cosmetics, food and clothing in Russia began to be made from industrial hemp. Based on the results of last year, the Kaliningrad region significantly expanded the area under this crop. Three enterprises are currently engaged in its cultivation. Is hemp growing promising in the region today and how much does it cost to start such a business, entrepreneurs told the magazine “Royal Gate”
.

The sown area of industrial hemp in the region in 2020 increased by 32% – from 578 to 851 hectares, and the gross harvest increased by 99.1% (from 6.5 to 721 tons) compared to 2022 year.

Seeds and stems of industrial hemp are used in the production of food and construction materials. The content of tetrahydrocannabinol (the active substance of hashish and marijuana) in the dry mass of leaves and upper inflorescences of technical varieties does not exceed 0.1%. The cultivation of industrial hemp in Russia is permitted by a decree of the Russian government dated February 6, 2020.

Two companies sow hemp in the fields of Bagrationovsky (800 hectares) and Zelenogradsky (another 30 hectares) urban districts. In terms of area under crops, the Kaliningrad region is ahead of neighboring Lithuania, says Mindaugas Skruzdis, industrial hemp consultant and leading agronomist at Agrobionika. So, in 2022 in the republic

9.2 thousand hectares were sown with industrial hemp, while in the Kaliningrad region – 10.2 thousand. According to the Agroinvestor magazine, the total area allocated for this agricultural crop in the European Union is estimated at 35–40 thousand hectares. And, according to Skruzdis, hemp growing in Russia will soon receive even more active development, including due to the high quality of domestic varieties.

“We cannot use European seed in Russia, just as we cannot use Russian seed in Europe. We chose three Russian varieties: the first “trial” harvest showed that Russian industrial hemp varieties are no worse in quality than European ones,” says the agronomist.

Benefits for farmers

“I probably resisted for a whole month, but after studying this direction, I still took a risk. Industrial hemp is a good crop in terms of land use and yield. In addition, it does not need to be sown at the same time as grains: I calmly finished the sowing campaign of wheat, barley and oats, rented fallow land and began to make intensive preparations for planting industrial hemp. There are always risks in agriculture: any crop requires investment, but you see the results in a year,” says Vyacheslav Kapitan, head of the Kapitan peasant farm.

Industrial hemp is sown in the spring, the seeds are collected in the fall, and trust (straw) is collected after the snow melts due to climatic conditions, explains Skruzdis. The short growth period of the agricultural crop—six months from seed to flowering plant—is another advantage that makes industrial hemp economically viable. In addition, it is also frost-resistant.

Difficulties of hemp growing in Russia

One of the main obstacles in growing industrial hemp in Russia is the lack of domestic equipment for harvesting, the high cost of foreign equipment and the lack of processing capacity.

Due to the high cost of hemp harvesters, most enterprises, according to Vyacheslav Kapitan, adapt conventional grain harvesting equipment for this – it turns out cheaper, but not always more effective.

Mindaugas Skruzdis estimates investments in hemp processing at at least 360 million rubles – this is the cost of European equipment that processes crops collected from 600-1000 hectares of industrial hemp. You can save money by adapting equipment designed for flax processing – this will require about 32 million rubles.

According to the general director of the Mordovian Hemp Plants company, Alexander Kuchinsky, new imported equipment for primary processing, that is, for separating fiber from the fire, costs 365.2 million rubles, there are no Russian analogues. At the same time, the entrepreneur notes that profitability can only be achieved by organizing deep processing.

“You won’t earn much from seeds alone; at best, sales will cover the costs. Stem processing, even primary processing, doubles profitability. If the resulting fiber is put into yarn, the added value will increase again,” Kuchinsky is sure.

Where to use

According to the Ministry of Agriculture of the Kaliningrad Region, due to the lack of processing, the cultivation of industrial hemp is still limited to commercial seed production. “Agrobionics” and the Capitan farm sell seeds to food industry enterprises – purified, they are rich in amino acids, and their pure protein content is 35%.

Captain’s company sold part of the fiber to a Kaliningrad manufacturer of facade insulation materials. According to the entrepreneur, hemp fiber, unlike synthetic wool, increases the thermal conductivity of building blocks.

In other regions of Russia, clothing, food and cosmetics are made from it. The Ministry of Agriculture of the Kaliningrad Region calls the export of industrial hemp biomass for the production of herbal tea one of the promising areas.

“There is an excellent climate here for the cultivation of industrial hemp, with many sunny days. The only thing is that autumn may begin a little earlier, which will make adjustments to the harvesting campaign. The proximity of the Kaliningrad region to Europe gives a free hand for export. To be competitive, we need to develop deep processing,” says the general director of Mordovia Hemp Plants.

Kaliningrad farmers, in turn, propose using industrial hemp as a cellulose raw material. “We often hear that the forest is running out. Hemp paper requires four times less raw material to produce than wood for conventional [paper]. Secondly, industrial hemp grows tens of times faster than wood, and processing is much cheaper. I don’t see the point in growing just a seed, you need to focus on obtaining fiber and fires,” says Vyacheslav Kapitan.

“In the production of cellulose, a fairly large number of chemicals are used, this increases the hazard class. The use of acid-free technology will be a big step forward. Colleagues from Europe are planning the development of hemp-growing enterprises, taking into account environmental trends. Potential markets for vegetable cellulose include the production of craft paper, hemp paper, and the printing of paper signs,” says agronomist Skruzdis.

As RBC Kaliningrad wrote, last year farms in the Kaliningrad region began to grow
new agricultural crops: soybeans, industrial hemp, oilseed radish and mustard.

Nettle and hemp paper | Crafts Fair Magazine

NETTLE AND HEMP PAPER
I am very close to permaculture ethical principles. One of them is that there is no waste. All there is in the world are resources. You need to tune your mind and find a use for any apparent waste. Most likely this is what is missing somewhere.
Just like gasoline was once used. It was originally a by-product of kerosene production. And now a huge number of cars run on this fuel.
Same with fiber. When making hemp and nettle threads, I am left with low-grade, short and fluffy fiber. It is difficult to spin. There are people who make quilted products from it, and I make paper))))

Бумага из Крапивы И Конопли, фото № 1

Preparation of raw materials. The fiber for paper needs to be very fine and thin. When making washi paper and silk paper, beaters or pounding mills are used to separate the fibers and make them finer. The mill immediately disappears) I live in a multi-story building and I think that those around me would hardly be able to stand it while their dear neighbor beats paper dough for several hours))) So I went a different route. I thoroughly rub all the combs in my hands again (sniff them), comb them several times with wool combs and chop them with sharp scissors to about half a centimeter.
Preparation of pulp. Pour warm water into a large container, put the crushed fiber and a little paste there so that the fiber remains in suspension. Again, the Japanese use some kind of hibiscus root instead of paste. But it doesn’t grow in our open spaces, so we replace it with an analogue. Now we blend everything with a blender for a couple of minutes, catch the lumps and the pulp is ready.
My daughters love putting their hands into this mass. It is warm, with a strange texture and shimmers like mother of pearl. That’s what they call her – “pulpamutr”)))

Бумага из Крапивы И Конопли, фото № 2

Casting. To cast paper you need two identical frames. We stretch the mesh over one. We take one frame with the mesh up, put the second one on top and use this “trough” to scoop out the pulp. The water is draining. Let’s scoop it up a few more times. We vibrate the frame a little so that the mass settles more evenly. There should be some fiber in the pulp. I usually fish out almost everything before casting and then add a little at a time.

Бумага из Крапивы И Конопли, фото № 3

Бумага из Крапивы И Конопли, фото № 4

Remove the top frame, turn the bottom frame over onto the fabric, and remove excess water with a sponge. So each new sheet in the stack is shifted with a cloth. There are a lot of words, but in reality it’s simple.

Бумага из Крапивы И Конопли, фото № 5

When the pulp is finished, you need to squeeze the water out of the stack of wet sheets. I don’t have a press, but I do have… a rolling pin!!! We make do with little)
We go over the stack of sheets with a rolling pin several times. At first, very gently, so as not to move the paper layers, then more boldly.

Бумага из Крапивы И Конопли, фото № 6

Now dry and iron the slightly damp sheets on a hard surface.

Бумага из Крапивы И Конопли, фото № 7

If desired, you can also polish it with shell, glass or metal, and trim the edges.
All! Here it is – the long-awaited one.

Бумага из Крапивы И Конопли, фото № 8

Master class

Draw 2 rectangles on the surface of the box, then cut them.
Cut 2 rectangles in the same way on the other side of the box.
Cut 3 holes in the back of the box for the tail of the plane: one hole vertically in the center and two horizontally on the sides.
Prepare cardboard rectangles and insert them into the tail holes.
Cut holes horizontally on the sides of the plane for the wings.
Prepare 2 cardboard rectangles and insert them into the side holes as wings.
Cut a circle from the foam and tape it to the airplane wing as landing gear. Attach the second circle to the other wing in the same way.
Draw 2 airplane controls on cardboard, decorate them with a marker and cut them out.
Tape the steering wheels to the boxes as shown in the image.
Make a screw from cardboard and a plastic bottle.
Cut a round hole at the front of the plane and secure the screw.
Disassemble the plane into parts.
Spray paint the plane and all its parts.
Wait for it to dry and assemble the plane

Paper gift for mom – top 11 best origami for birthday, crafts with master classes

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Learning to stitch documents correctly

So, how to stitch documents, where to start, what they are used to stitch them with and which side they are stamped on – we will look at all this now!

Today, many offices have a special brochure machine. With its help you can bind all types of documents. In a similar way, for example, a contract is drawn up with design and estimate documentation. However, more often the papers are stitched by hand.

In order not to be distracted while stitching, it’s worth stocking up on:

threads;
needle (darning);
awl;
scissors;
office glue;
paper sticker 4 x 6 cm.

Next, holes are made on the left side of the title page at a distance of 3 cm from each other in the field without text. The number of holes will depend on what stitching pattern is intended.

This is the simplest firmware. According to this scheme, the FMS updates the house register. In this stitching scheme, 2 punctures cannot always be located in the middle of the sheet. For example, it is customary to lace the cash book and occupational safety journal at the bottom of the sheet.

We thread the thread for the first time, bringing it to the title page. Then we pass the thread through the holes several times and tie its ends with a knot on the last page.

Next, glue a small square of paper onto the knot, which should partially cover the ends of the thread. We certify the accompanying inscription on the sheet with the seal of the organization and the signature of the manager. The seal imprint should extend to the edge of the sticker.

This 3-hole firmware is somewhat more complicated.

It is done step by step as follows:

First, use a needle and thread to make a puncture in the center of the sheet from the back side.
For the second puncture, we bring the needle and thread to the back side, and make the hole 3 cm higher than the first.
We make the last puncture below the first, bringing the thread to the title page.
Next, we pass the needle and thread through the middle hole on the back side.
Now we carefully pull together the stitched sheets, cut the thread and tie its ends into a knot.
We cover the ends of the thread and the knot with a sticker intended for certification.

Tax returns and LLC charters are stitched together in a similar way.

I use this firmware scheme when preparing particularly important documents.

It is more convenient for her to make holes first. You can pierce them using a drill or hole punch, depending on how many sheets the documents contain.

Flashing documentation into 4 holes is done step by step like this:

We begin to insert the thread from the back into the second hole.
Then insert the needle into the lowest hole.
Repeat the thread through the second hole.
Next, we go into the above hole from the front side.
We insert a thread into the upper puncture from the back.
Now in reverse order until we insert the thread into the hole from which we started.
Gently stretch the stitches and tie the ends with a knot.
As in the first two methods, the knot is covered with a sticker on which a certification inscription is made.

When stitching according to a five-hole pattern, a stitcher is used.

It is used when stapling particularly important documents, such as a criminal case, since it can protect the papers from substitution.

In addition, the device allows you to staple a fairly large amount of documentation, so the 5-hole pattern is often used to file current accounting documents.

Then we align all the sheets well, secure them in a clamp, and then proceed to drill 5 holes in the left side of the block. We drill two of them along the edges with an indentation of 2 cm, the third in the center. Place 4 and 5 in the spaces between the center and the outer punctures.

The 5-hole hem pattern looks like this:

We pass the needle from the back through the middle hole, leaving a thread tail of about 10 cm. From the face we insert it into the 2nd hole from above.
Now we lower the needle down through the upper hole and again pass it through the 2nd hole from above.
Next, hold the end of the thread in the center and insert a needle through it, which ends up at the starting point.
Now we do the same with the holes located below the center.
As a result, there are two ends in the central hole on the back side, which we tie in a knot and cut off the excess threads. Only after this can you remove the papers from the press.